Abnormal Metabolites Found in Cured Cushing’s Patients

Patients with Cushing’s syndrome have abnormal brain metabolites suggestive of neuronal dysfunction even after they appeared to have been cured, according to a study presented at the annual European Congress of Endocrinology, held from April 27 to May 1 in Copenhagen.

(HealthDay News) — Patients with Cushing’s syndrome have abnormal brain metabolites suggestive of neuronal dysfunction even after they appeared to have been cured, according to a study presented at the annual European Congress of Endocrinology, held from April 27 to May 1 in Copenhagen.

Using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Eugenia Resmini, M.D., Ph.D., from Hospital Sant Pau in Barcelona, Spain, and colleagues measured metabolites in the hippocampi of 18 adults with Cushing’s syndrome who had been biochemically cured and 18 age- and education-matched healthy adults.

The researchers found that the two groups had similar left and right total hippocampal volumes. Patients with Cushing’s syndrome had significantly lower NAcetyl-aspartate in the left and right hippocampus as well as significantly lower NAcetyl-aspartate plus N-Acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate in the right hippocampus. In addition, patients with Cushing’s syndrome had significantly higher glutamate plus glutamine in both hippocampi. The alterations are suggestive of neuronal dysfunction, according to the authors.

“Persistently abnormal metabolites are evidenced in the hippocampi of Cushing’s syndrome patients despite endocrine cure,” Resmini and colleagues conclude. “These functional alterations could be early markers of glucocorticoids neurotoxicity and would precede hippocampal volume reduction.”

Abstract
More Information

From HealthDay

Green Creek woman battles Cushing’s disease

Within two days they were in his office. Dr. Nelson Oyesiku examined Heather Cash and diagnosed her with Cushing’s disease.

The doctor also recommended that the pituitary tumor be removed immediately.

Read the story at BlueRidgeNow.com.

Diagnostic performance of salivary cortisol in the diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome, adrenal incidentaloma and adrenal insufficiency

Source

F Ceccato, Department of Medicine – DIMED, University of Padova, Endocrinology Unit, Padova, Italy.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

Salivary cortisol has been recently suggested for studies on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis: lack of circadian rhythm is a marker of Cushing’s syndrome (CS), and some authors report that low salivary cortisol levels may be a marker of adrenal insufficiency. The aim of our study was to define the role of salivary cortisol in specific diagnostic setting of HPA axis disease.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:

We analyzed morning salivary cortisol (MSC) and late night salivary cortisol (LNSC) in 406 subjects: 52 Cushing’s disease (CD), 13 ectopic-CS, 17 adrenal-CS, 27 CD in remission (mean follow-up of 66 ± 39 months), 45 adrenal incidentalomas, 73 patients assessed of CS and then ruled out for endogenous hypercortisolism, 75 patients with adrenal insufficiency and 104 healthy subjects.

RESULTS:

A LNSC value above 5.24 ng/mL differentiated CS from controls with high sensitivity (96.3%) and specificity (97.1%), we found higher LNSC in ectopic-CS than in CD. We found no difference in MSC and LNSC levels between CD in remission and healthy subjects. Both MSC and LNSC were higher in adrenal incidentaloma than in healthy controls. MSC below 2.65 ng/mL distinguished patients with adrenal insufficiency from controls with high sensitivity (97.1%) and specificity (93.3%).

CONCLUSIONS:

salivary cortisol is a useful tool to assess endogenous cortisol excess or adrenal insufficiency and to evaluate stable CD in remission.

PMID:

 

23610124

 

[PubMed – as supplied by publisher]
From PubMed

Know Your Number

English: "Dr. Harvey Cushing," oil o...

English: “Dr. Harvey Cushing,” oil on canvas, by the American artist Edmund Tarbell. Courtesy of the Dittrick Medical History Center. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

From my email:

As an advocate for patients with Cushing’s disease and their supporters, you certainly understand the importance of continually monitoring cortisol.

April 8th marks Cushing’s Awareness Day and the birthday of Dr. Harvey Cushing, who first described the disease in 1912. We want to use the month of April to bring attention to this disease. In honor of this day, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation is kicking off “Know Your Number,” an important new program emphasizing the importance of cortisol regulation.

Being an advocate for those with Cushing’s disease and for those who care for them, you know that even after a successful pituitary surgery, where cortisol levels return to normal, there is still up to a 35% risk the pituitary tumor could begin to grow again, thus causing hypercortisolism. This potential rise in cortisol is also true for patients who are currently taking medication to control their Cushing’s disease. Over time, this control may begin to diminish. These important facts make it essential that your members are aware of the need to monitor their cortisol level.

Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation is initiating an important new program, and we would like to partner with Cushing’s Help and Support to bring this information to your membership and to all patients with Cushing’s disease. “Know Your Number” reminds both endocrinologists and patients that hypercortisolism can have devastating consequences on a patient’s body and emotions. “Know Your Number” promotes follow-up cortisol testing to help identify those patients whose cortisol levels have increased.

Please reach out to your membership with this message during the month of April as we celebrate Dr. Harvey Cushing’s birthday.

To learn more about this program and Cushing’s disease, and to download a discussion guide, please visit www.CushingsDisease.com

Know Your Number.

Cushing’s on Capitol Hill: Cushing’s Awareness Challenge

Earlier this year, I got this email:

Good morning Mary:

I hope everything is well.

I would like to invite you to join us at the Rare Disease Congressional Caucus briefing scheduled for April 2013. The final date is still being discussed but we are looking into two possible dates of either April 16th or April 18th. The meeting will take place in Washington, D.C. and will be attended by members of the Rare Disease Caucus including co-chairs Rep. Joseph Crowley and Rep. Leonard Lance.

As you may know Rare Disease Congressional Caucus is a forum for members of Congress to voice constituent concerns, share ideas, and build support for legislation that will improve the lives of people with rare diseases. The goal of the meeting in April is to educate the members of the Caucus about rare pituitary disorders, including Cushing’s Disease – area that has received little to no recognition among legislators. The meeting will serve as an opportunity to raise legislators’ awareness about multiple issues that patients with rare pituitary diseases, such as Cushing’s disease and Acromegaly, face in their everyday lives.

In preparation for the meeting we drafted a Resolution that addresses some of the key challenges for the patient community including long diagnostic delays, limited treatment options, difficulty finding physicians or treatment centers with expertise in their disease and as a result – a  diminished quality of life for patients. Would you be willing to have a look at the draft in the attachment and provide your feedback? Your opinion as a leader of the patient community and expert in Cushing’s disease would be highly appreciated.

I sincerely hope that you will be able to join us at the meeting to share your perspective and talk about the work that you are doing to help patient afflicted by Cushing’s disease live happier and healthier lives.

Please feel free to call or email anytime if you have questions or if you would like to discuss this further. I look forward to hearing back from you soon.

Attached to the email was the House of Congress Resolution.  Read it here.

I got back quite quickly and said that I would love to attend.  If it was on the 16th, I could go, no problem.  If it was the 18th, probably not because I had plane tickets that day to attend the Magic Foundation Conference in Las Vegas.

In late March, I needed to make my final decision on Las Vegas.  I had been waffling about that trip for a while since my husband had surprise triple bypass surgery in late January.  When I made the decision not to go, he still couldn’t drive or walk the dog – and I was just afraid to leave him alone for 5 days.

caucus1

caucus2

As it turned out, the date was a non-issue since the Congressional Caucus would be on the 16th.

April 15 was a terrible day as news of the Boston Marathon came in.  Security was stepped up in several cities, including Washington, DC.

I looked online to see if the Caucus would be cancelled and found out that the 16th was Emancipation Day in DC – and the main route that I would take to get there would be closed for a parade.

I was already getting very nervous about the whole thing and not knowing how to get there added to the stress levels.

I had my talk printed out with 3 different places to stop, depending on the time.

We left about 10AM for a noon meeting.  I’d decided to park at the train station and take a taxi to the Rayburn House Office Building.

When we got to the Rayburn Building, there was a long line of folks waiting to get in.  I don’t know if they only open the front door at certain times but when the line started to move, it went fairly quickly.  They took 5 at a time through security then we were on our own to find out where to go.

It turned out that our meeting room – 318 – is the room usually used for the Ways and Means Committee.  We got there just about 11:30.  Robert Knutzen from the Pituitary Network Association was already there as was Alexey from Novartis.  Alexey said “Mary?” and I said “Alexey?” and we introduced ourselves.  I already knew Bob from several past meetings so the four of us just chatted a bit while others started arriving.

I had brought quite a few Cushing’s brochures with me and had planned to hand them out to people but Julia from the RDLA (Rare Disease Legislative Advocates) showed me a table where I could leave them for folks to take on their own – and quite a few did.  If they read them, that’s another story!

Right around noontime, lots of people came in.  Some were staffers gathering information to take back to their offices, many others were from rare disease organizations, a few were legislators.  It was standing room only and we estimated there were maybe 120-140 people there.  Only two were known pituitary patients:  Bob with Acromegaly and me with Cushing’s.  Bob mentioned the statistic again “1 in 5” so at least 24 others in that room should have had a pituitary tumor…

Representative Leonard Lance (NJ) spoke a bit about the need to recognize rare diseases in this country.  He mentioned that there were 7,000 rare diseases and it was important to focus on getting awareness for patients with them.  This Caucus focused on the pituitary, although only 2 pituitary diseases were represented.

Vijay Iyengar, Vice President the Rare Disease Franchise of Novartis oncology talked about their two drugs to either cure disease or improve quality of life through a  3-pronged approach:

  • Targeted research
  • Open collaboration
  • Patient inspired solutions

Novartis created the Rare Disease Franchise was recently created as a means of strengthening their involvement and has two drugs with FDA approvals, one for Cushing’s and one for Acromegaly. Their Acromegaly drug is 25 years old and their newest, Signifor, was approved on the anniversary of the discovery of Cushing’s Disease (December 2012) and three new applications are in the approval pipeline.

These diseases are rare because not many people have them and not much knowledge is available about them.

He also said he needs collaborative partners, particularly with Cushing’s.  He would like to have Clinical Trial centers.  However, usually enough patients are near one or two centers.  With Cushing’s, there would need to be 40 or more centers.  We talked to Vijay after the Caucus about this and connecting his company with Cushing’s patients.

Emily Acland, although not a Cushing’s patient, summed up some of the symptoms based on her contacts with patients through the Patient Access Network.

Alexey Salamakha, Manager of Rare Disorders for Novartis/Public Affairs and Communications,  read some thoughts on the need for disability benefits from Donna of John’s Foundation for Cushing’s Awareness.  This included the the fact that veterinarians are more knowledgeable about Cushing’s than endocrinologists. He talked about patient advocacy.

Alexey specifically mentioned me and thanked me for my work.

Bob Knutzen was not diagnosed until the age of 52.  He is currently 75.  He expressed his desire to have Centers of Excellence for Hormonal Health with the funds coming from NIH’s budget.

Pituitary disease isn’t rare, just the diagnosis. He also pointed out that pituitary patients generally die 10 years early.  Without treatment, pituitary patients can’t have children.

If I didn’t know what acromegaly was before this meeting, I wouldn’t have known when I left, either.

Sean O’Neil, Vice President at Novartis made comments about his company and what was being done to help patients.

Other topics during this Caucus were:

  • The issues of Cortisol withdrawal
  • Congressmen Snyder and Runyon proposed H con resolution 31 “Supporting Rare Pituitary Disease Awareness”.  Track this resolution through the Committee, House and Senate
  • The need for awareness of pituitary gland diseases
  • There are lifetime changes – people may be cured/in remission but they’re never the same
  • The possibility of a dipstick for cortisol similar to ones diabetics use
  • Faster diagnosis

My contribution to all this was speed of diagnosis.  I told a bit of my story, diagnosing myself in the pre-Internet 1980’s and how today, 26 years later, people are still having issues with diagnosis and wasting on average 6-20 years just getting to surgery.  I mentioned that I knew a few people who went for 20 years before getting diagnosed.

After the Caucus was over, there was a lot of discussion, and I talked with several people who had questions about my experiences, Cushing’s Help, what could be done to raise awareness…

Will anything come of it?  I don’t know but maybe some folks will start thinking a bit more.

From Tom, on Facebook:

Mary did a great job presenting the Cushings story at the April 16 hearing of the Congressional Caucus on Rare Diseases – Challenges our Country Must Address. Co- chairs Congressman Joe Crowley (D-NY) and Congressman Leonard Lance (R-NJ) both attended and endorsed the good work being done in this effort. Mary spoke with many of the sponsors and others both before and after the hearing discussing her personal experience. Mary has created multiple websites to get the message out on rare diseases especially Cushing’s Syndrome. That effort now extends to more than 40 countries and more than 10,000 participants. We will be doing follow ups with the Congressional Caucus on Rare Diseases and with Novartis, RDLA, EveryLife, Patient Access Network, the Pituitary Network Association and others to build on the gains.

And another email:

Dear Mary,

It was a pleasure to meet you and Tom today. Thank you for attending the Rare Disease Congressional Briefing. I think you did an excellent job by sharing your unique perspective on what a life with Cushing’s disease is like. I want to thank you for supporting our mission and educating general public about pituitary disorders. We at Novartis strongly believe that patient advocacy organizations such as Cushing’s Help and Support and passionate advocates like you are the future and the hope of the Cushing’s community.

As a follow up to our conversation I have reached out to my contacts at NORD and asked if they can help with filing for a 501(c)(3) status. I will keep you posted. Please stay in touch.