Decreased prefrontal functional brain response in women with Cushing’s syndrome in remission

Posted on April 5, 2016 by MaryO

endo2016

 

April 03, 2016

Poster Session: Cushing’s Syndrome and Primary Adrenal Disorders

Decreased prefrontal functional brain response in women with Cushing’s syndrome in remission

O Ragnarsson, A Stomby, P Dahlqvist, JA Evang, M Ryberg, T Olsson, J Bollerslev, L Nyberg, G Johannsson

Summary: Neuropsychiatric symptoms including impairment of memory, attention, and executive function are important features of Cushing’s syndrome (CS). Notably, patients with CS in remission commonly demonstrate residual cognitive dysfunction, which has been suggested to be linked to incomplete recovery of neuronal function. Researchers sought to assess whether functional brain responses are altered during cognitive testing in patients with CS in remission. During episodic memory, women with CS in long-term remission have reduced functional brain responses in the prefrontal cortex and in the hippocampus.

Methods:

  • Included in this study were 19 women previously treated for CS (14 Cushing’s disease and 5 cortisol producing adrenal adenomas) and 19 controls, matched for age, gender, and education.
  • The median (interquartile range) remission time was 7 (6-10) years.
  • Researchers studied brain activity with functional magnetic resonance imaging during an episodic-memory face-name task.
  • The primary regions of interest were the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus.
  • A voxel wise comparison of functional brain responses in patients and controls was performed, and an uncorrected P < 0.001 was considered significant.

Results:

  • During memory encoding, patients displayed lower functional brain responses in the left and right prefrontal gyrus (Brodmann areas [BA] 44, 45, and 46) as well as the right inferior occipital gyrus (BA 18) compared to controls (P < 0.001 for all).
  • Patients displayed lower functional brain responses in several brain areas including the prefrontal, parietal, occipital, and cerebellar cortices bilaterally during memory retrieval.
  • The most predominant difference was found in the right prefrontal cortex (BA 46 and 48; P < 0.001).
  • Reduced functional response in left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was seen for patients during both encoding and retrieval.
  • Researchers compared the functional brain responses in four hippocampal clusters that were significantly activated during memory encoding among all participants (P < 0.05, FDR).
  • Patients had a trend toward lower functional brain responses in the left anterior hippocampus compared to controls (P=0.05).

From http://www.mdlinx.com/endocrinology/conference-abstract.cfm/ZZ6AA1CEC190F5428EA690616DAA054518/56991/?utm_source=confcoveragenl&utm_medium=newsletter&utm_content=abstract-list&utm_campaign=abstract-ENDO2016&nonus=0

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Cushing’s Syndrome and Primary Adrenal Disorders

Posted on April 5, 2016 by MaryO

endo2016

 

April 03, 2016

Oral Session: Cushing’s Syndrome and Primary Adrenal Disorders

Patients with diabetes mellitus diagnosed with Addison’s disease have a markedly increased additional risk of death

D Chantzichristos, A Persson, B Eliasson, M Miftaraj, S Franzén, R Bergthorsdottir, S Gudbjörnsdottir, A-M Svensson, G Johannsson

Summary: Researchers sought to determine if patients with diabetes (DM) who are diagnosed with Addison’s disease (AD) have an increased risk of mortality (DM+AD). They concluded that patients diagnosed with DM+AD had a nearly 4-fold increased risk of mortality compared to controls.

Methods:

  • Researchers identified patients who were first diagnosed with DM (type 1 or 2) and then AD using both the Swedish National Diabetes Register (NDR) and the National Inpatient Register between January 1st, 1996 and December 31th, 2012.
  • Each patients was matched with 5 controls based on sex, year of birth, type of DM, year when DM was diagnosed, and period of time in NDR were selected in NDR.
  • Researchers obtained causes of death data for both groups during the same time period from the Swedish Register for Cause-Specific Mortality.

Results:

  • A total of 1,355 patients were identified: 226 patients had DM (type 1 or 2) and AD and 1,129 matched DM controls.
  • At baseline, patients with DM+AD and patients with DM had a mean (±SD) age of 52.3 (±20.1) and 54.1 (±18.9) years, respectively.
  • In both groups, 47% were women and 65% had type 1 DM.
  • Mean (±SD) HbA1c at baseline was 7.8% (±3.5%) or 62.0 (±14.7) mmol/mol for the DM+AD group and 7.6% (±3.5%) or 59.6 (±14.7) mmol/mol for the DM controls.
  •  More than one-quarter of patients with DM+AD (64/226, 28%) died vs 112 of 1,129 controls (10%).
  • The estimated relative risk increase (hazard ratio) in overall mortality in the DM+AD group was 3.83 (95% confidence interval, 2.80 to 5.24) compared with the DM controls.
  • There was no significant association between type of DM and gender on relative mortality risk.
  • The most common cause of death in both groups was cardiovascular diseases (33% and 34%, respectively).
  • The second most common cause of death in DM+AD patients was DM and its related complications (23%) and cancer in the DM group (29%).
  • Fourteen percent of DM+AD patients died from cancer.

From http://www.mdlinx.com/endocrinology/conference-abstract.cfm/ZZ6AA1CEC190F5428EA690616DAA054518/56981/?utm_source=confcoveragenl&utm_medium=newsletter&utm_content=abstract-list&utm_campaign=abstract-ENDO2016&nonus=0

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Rare Disease Day, 2016!

Posted on February 29, 2016 by MaryO

rare-disease-day-robin

There are events all over the world today.  What are *You* doing to raise awareness for Cushing’s, Addison’s or other rare disease you have?

Many thanks to Robin for the great graphic!

 

The USA joined Rare Disease Day in 2009, making the campaign a truly international affair. Diverse events and campaigns have been organised since then, including educational programmes in schools and a collection of photographs entitled “Handprints across America” with the Rare Disease logo across the USA. In 2013 President Barack Obama sent a letter proclaiming his support of the day. In 2015, the day was a nation-wide affair, with events everywhere from California to New York to Texas. More than 35 states participated, holding conferences, artistic events, fundraising walks, and benefit dinners. In Chicago, a “Rock Rare Diseases” event created a playlist that was featured at many hospitals on the special day.

NORD, the National Organization for Rare Disorders, is committed to the identification, treatment, and cure of rare diseases through programmes of education, advocacy, research and patient services. They can be contacted directly to help you find a patient organisation locally which may have more information about a specific rare disease or disorder. Find their contact information on the bottom of this page.

You can also get involved! Do you know of any events not listed here? Email us at rarediseaseday@eurordis.org.

On Monday, February 29th, Rare Disease Week on Capitol Hill kicks off! Hundreds of advocates from around the country will be in Washington, D.C. for a full week of events. Space remains for the Caucus Briefing on Thursday March 3rd and the Rare Artist Reception. Can’t make it to Washington D.C.? NORD is helping coordinate State House Events across the U.S.

On Wednesday, March 2nd, the EveryLife Foundation for Rare Diseases is holding a Virtual Lobby Day for advocates who cannot attend the events in D.C. The event will ask advocates to contact Congress and ask that they co-sponsor the OPEN ACT, legislation to double the number of rare disease treatments. Please share widely on social media.

On Thursday, March 3rd, the first bicameral Congressional Rare Disease Caucus briefing will be held in the Auditorium of the U.S. Capitol Visitor Center at noon. Attendees will hear from the co-chairs of the Caucus and a panel discussion featuring key thought-leaders from the patient, regulatory, and industry communities who will discuss the Rare Disease Ecosystem.

On Wednesday, March 9th, the Senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee (HELP) will hold its second hearing as part of its biomedical innovation initiative. To date, the Advancing Hope Act (Priority Review Voucher program at FDA) is scheduled for consideration. The final hearing is slated for April 6th, although no bills have been announced for consideration.

On Wednesday, March 16th, the EveryLife Foundation for Rare Diseases will hold a public webinar on newborn screening. The Foundation has just launched newborn screening legislation in California to expand and streamline screening for rare diseases.

On Wednesday, March 23rd, RDLA will hold its next monthly webinar. The agenda is OPEN! Please send suggestions for action items or policy issues to Vignesh Ganapathy at vganapathy@everylifefoundation.org.

Filed under: adrenal, adrenal crisis, Cancer, Cushing's, pituitary, Rare Diseases | Tagged: , , , , | Leave a comment »

COR-003 Clinical Trial for Cushing’s Syndrome

Posted on November 19, 2015 by MaryO

CureClick_Trial_Card_CushingsBLU2

 

This trial is testing the safety and effectiveness of an investigational drug for the treatment of Cushing’s Syndrome. Under the supervision of qualified physicians, cortisol levels and symptoms of Cushing’s Syndrome will be closely followed along with any signs of side effects.

More about the study:

The study drug (COR-003) is administered by tablets.

  • There will be 90 participants in this trial
  • There is no placebo used in the trial

If you are interested, please find the full study details and eligibility criteria listed here.

Eligibility Criteria:

Participants must:

  • be at least 18 years old
  • have been diagnosed with endogenous Cushing’s Syndrome by a medical professional (not caused by the use of steroid medications)

Participants must not:

  • have been treated with radiation for Cushing’s Syndrome in the past 4 years
  • be currently using weight loss medication
  • have been diagnosed with uncontrolled hypertension, some forms of cancer, adrenal carcinoma, Hepatitis B / C, or HIV

Please complete the online questionnaire to check if you’re eligible for the trial.

If you’re not familiar with clinical trials, here are some FAQs:

What are clinical trials?

Clinical trials are research studies to determine whether investigational drugs or treatments are safe and effective for humans. All new investigational medications and devices must undergo several clinical trials, often involving thousands of people.

Why participate in a clinical trial?

You will have access to investigational treatments that would be available to the general public only upon approval. You will also receive study-related medical care and attention from clinical trial staff at research facilities. Clinical trials offer hope for many people and an opportunity to help researchers find better treatments for others in the future.

Learn why I’m posting about this Clinical Trial

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Unilateral andrenalectomy may be valid first-line treatment for Cushing’s syndrome

Posted on November 1, 2015 by MaryO

Debillon E, et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;doi:10.1210/jc.2015-2662.

In patients with evident Cushing’s syndrome related to primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia, unilateral adrenalectomy of the large gland appears to be a suitable alternative to bilateral adrenalectomy as a first-line treatment, according to recent findings.

Unilateral adrenalectomy yielded normalized urinary free cortisol and improved Cushing’s syndrome, according to the researchers.

Olivier Chabre , MD, PhD, of the Service d’Endocrinologie-Diabétologie-Nutrition in France, and colleagues evaluated all patients (n = 15) with overt Cushing’s syndrome related to primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia who underwent unilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy of the larger gland between 2001 and 2015. Patients were seen for clinical and biological follow-up assessments at 1, 3 and 6 months postoperatively, 5 years after surgery and at the time of the last available urinary free cortisol measurement.

The study’s primary outcome measures were pre- and postoperative levels of urinary free cortisol, plasma cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), BMI, blood pressure, plasma glucose and lipids and measurements of these values on follow-up assessments. Patients were followed for a median of 60 months.

The researchers found that in early postoperative measurements, all 15 patients who underwent unilateral adrenalectomy achieved normal or low urinary free cortisol. Between 7 days and 1 month, there was a decrease in median urinary free cortisol from 2.19 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) at baseline to 0.27 ULN (P = .001). At 1 month, only one patient had elevated urinary free cortisol, and this patient went into remission by month 3 and continued to be in remission after 12 years of follow-up.

Forty percent of the patients developed adrenal insufficiency after unilateral adrenalectomy and latent adrenal insufficiency could not be excluded in two of the other patients. No predictors of postoperative adrenal insufficiency were identified.

Six of the patients had diabetes before unilateral adrenalectomy surgery; four of those were treated with antidiabetes drugs. At 12 months, only two of these patients had a continued need for antidiabetes drugs and had reductions in HbA1c despite decreases in their treatment. Recurrence occurred in two patients, demonstrating urinary free cortisol above the ULN at 7 years postoperatively and 8 years postoperatively. Both cases required treatment with mitotane, and in one of the patients, adrenalectomy of the second gland was required 9 years after the initial adrenalectomy.

According to the researchers, postoperative management and vigilant follow-up is needed in order to monitor patients for the risk for adrenal insufficiency.

“Further prospective studies are needed to better evaluate the long-term benefits of [unilateral adrenalectomy], which has one major benefit over [bilateral adrenalectomy]: if needed, [unilateral adrenalectomy] can be transformed in [bilateral adrenalectomy], while the opposite is obviously not true,” the researchers wrote. “One could propose that in further prospective studies [bilateral adrenalectomy] could be performed only if [unilateral adrenalectomy] fails to normalize [urinary free cortisol] at 1 month postoperatively.” – by Jennifer Byrne

Disclosure: The researchers report no relevant financial disclosures.

From Healio

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