Posted on November 25, 2013 by MaryO
Pituitary. 2013 Dec;16(4):419-34. doi: 10.1007/s11102-012-0439-z.
The current role of transcranial surgery in the management of pituitary adenomas.
Source
Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the factors influencing the use of a transcranial (TC) approach in pituitary adenomas and suggest a decision-making tree for the surgical strategy.
The data for 23 (4.6 %) patients who underwent TC surgery from amongst 494 pituitary adenomas were retrospectively analyzed. Eight factors on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that could predict a difficult transsphenoidal (TS) surgery were noted.
Adverse findings at TS surgery leading to a 2nd stage TC surgery were documented. Eighteen of the 23 cases were giant adenomas. Thirteen patients underwent TC surgery alone or as an initial approach when combined with TS while 10 underwent 2nd stage TC surgery following a TS approach. Most cases in the first group had 3 or more radiological factors in combination with a small sella. The 2nd group had higher sellar tumor volumes and fewer unfavourable radiological factors that led to the initial use of the TS approach.
A hard, fibrous consistency or a significant residue obscured from the surgeon’s view, and difficulty in hemostasis were additional factors prompting the use of a TC approach. Tumor excision ≥90 % could be achieved in 13 cases (56.5 %). Post-operative RT was administered in 12 patients. There were 2 deaths (8.7 %) and the major morbidity rate was 43 %. Despite advances in endoscopic surgery the TC approach may be required in 5 % of cases.
A study of the preoperative MRI for factors that predict difficulty with the TS approach might encourage the surgeon to consider a TC surgery either as an initial approach or combined with a TS surgery.
- PMID:
- 23076713
- [PubMed – in process]
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Filed under: Cushing's, pituitary, Treatments | Tagged: abstract, MRI, pituitary, Pituitary adenoma, surgery, transcranial | Leave a comment »
Posted on November 25, 2013 by MaryO
Is Diabetes in Cushing syndrome only a consequence of hypercortisolism?
Source
C Giordano, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (Di.Bi.Mi.S) Sezione di Endocrinologia e Malattie del Metabolismo, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most frequent complications of Cushing syndrome (CS). Aim of the study was to define the changes in insulin sensitivity and/or secretion in relation to glucose tolerance categories in newly diagnosed CS patients.
DESIGN:
Cross-sectional study on 140 patients with CS.
METHODS:
113 women (80 with pituitary disease and 33 with adrenal disease, aged 41.7±15.7 yr) and 27 men (19 with pituitary disease and 8 with adrenal disease, aged 38.1±20.01 yr) at diagnosis were divided according to glucose tolerance into normal glucose tolerance (CS/NGT), impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance (CS/prediabetes) and diabetes (CS/DM).
RESULTS:
71 patients belonged to CS/NGT (49.3%), 26 (18.5%) to CS/prediabetes and 43 (30.8%) to CS/DM. Significant increasing trends in the prevalence of family history of diabetes (p<0.001), metabolic syndrome (p<0.001), age (p<0.001) and waist circumference (p=0.043) and decreasing trends in HOMAβ (p<0.001)and Oral Dispositional Index (DIo) (p<0.002) were observed among the groups. No significant trend in fasting insulin, AUC INS, ISI-Matsuda and VAI was detected.
CONCLUSIONS:
Impairment of glucose tolerance is characterized by the inability of β-cells to adequately compensate insulin resistance through increased insulin secretion. Age, genetic predisposition and lifestyle, in combination with duration and degree of hypercortisolism, strongly contribute to the impairment of glucose tolerance in the natural history of CS. A careful phenotypic evaluation of glucose tolerance defects in patients with CS proves useful for the identification of patients at high risk for metabolic complications.
- PMID:
- 24255133
- [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]
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Filed under: adrenal, Cushing's, pituitary | Tagged: abstract, adrenal, Conditions and Diseases, Cushing's Syndrome, diabetes, diabetes mellitus, glucose tolerance, health, hypercortisolism, Impaired glucose tolerance, Insulin, Insulin resistance, Journal of Endocrinology, metabolic syndrome, pituitary | Leave a comment »
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